Ethiopian Birr
The Ethiopian birr reflects the monumental transition of an ancient highland civilization from monarchy to a modern developmental state.
Quick Facts
Country: Ethiopia
Code: ETB
Symbol: Br
System: Decimal (1 Birr = 100 Santim)
Status: In circulation
Issuer: National Bank of Ethiopia
The Story of the Ethiopian Birr
The Ethiopian Birr emerged from a monetary system long dominated by the Maria Theresa thaler, whose widespread circulation embedded the very concept of “birr” into Ethiopian economic life. Modern banknotes took institutional form in the early 20th century and reached their defining imperial phase under Haile Selassie I, whose portrait became central to Ethiopia’s monetary identity. Following the 1974 revolution, imperial symbolism was removed and replaced with state emblems and socialist imagery, marking a decisive ideological shift. In 2020, Ethiopia executed a major currency reform, replacing key denominations, introducing the 200 Birr note and strengthening the series with advanced security features aligned to international standards.
Design & Symbolism
Ethiopian Birr banknotes trace a clear evolution of national imagery. Imperial issues prominently feature Haile Selassie I alongside the Lion of Judah, symbolising dynastic authority and sacred legitimacy. Post-imperial designs introduce the iconic image of a boy plowing with oxen, representing agrarian reform and collective labour, while later series expand into themes of education, infrastructure and national development. The most recent banknotes further shift toward modern state identity, including depictions of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, supported by refined layouts and contemporary colour-shifting security elements.
For collectors
For collectors, the Ethiopian Birr offers a rare continuity across distinct political eras, from the highly sought-after imperial issues printed by Thomas De La Rue with exceptional engraving quality, to revolutionary and modern series reflecting ideological and economic transformation. Early notes featuring the Haile Selassie I watermark are particularly significant, later replaced by national emblems and symbolic motifs, creating clear typological distinctions essential for authentication and specialised collecting.
The Ethiopian birr remains in circulation, secured by the 2020 technical overhaul and the introduction of the 200 birr note.
